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San Jose, California
San José, California
Official flag of San José, California Official seal of San José, California
City nickname: "Capital of Silicon Valley"
Location of San José, California
Location within Santa Clara County, California
San Jose Mayor Ron Gonzales
- Water 178.2 sq. miles / 461.5 km²
174.9 sq. miles / 452.9 km²
3.3 sq. miles / 8.6 km²
Population
- Total (2005)
- Density 1,735,819 (metropolitan area)
San Jose, California is the 11th largest city in the United States
944,857 (city proper)
1,976.1/km²
San Jose Time zone
- summer (DST) PST (UTC-8)
PDT (UTC-7)
Latitude
Longitude 37°18'15" N121°52'22" W
Official website: www.sanjoseca.gov
San José (officially the City of San José) is a large city in the U.S. state of California and is the county
seat of Santa Clara County. On April 3, 1979, the city council adopted San José as the spelling of the
city name on the city seal and official stationery. However, it is still more commonly spelled without the
diacritic mark.
The city is located at the south end of the San Francisco Bay, within the informal boundaries of Silicon
Valley, and is the largest city in the San Francisco Bay Area. As of 2005, it reported an estimated
population of 944,857, making it the most populous city in Northern California (it surpassed San
Francisco in 1989) and third most populous city in the state, after Los Angeles and San Diego. Census
Bureau estimates for 2004 indicate San Jose has overtaken Detroit as the United States' tenth most
populous city; according to the formal 2000 count, it is ranked eleventh. All of these figures refer to the
area within the city limits, which is the sense in which the word "city" is normally used in the U.S. and not
to the urban area. The San Francisco Bay Area, of which San Jose forms part, is the fourth largest in
the U.S.
San José was the first town in the Spanish colony of Nueva California (later Alta California), founded in
1777 as a farming community to provide food for nearby military installations. It served as the first capital
of California after statehood was granted in 1850. After over 150 years as an agricultural center,
increased demand for housing from soldiers and other veterans returning from World War II and starting
families, as well as aggressive expansion during the 1950s and 1960s led first to San Jose being a
bedroom community for Silicon Valley in the 1970s, then attracting businesses to the city; by 1990 the
city was calling itself the Capital of Silicon Valley.
San José, California
Official flag of San José, California Official seal of San José, California
City nickname: "Capital of Silicon Valley"
Location of San José, California
Location within Santa Clara County, California
San Jose Mayor Ron Gonzales
- Water 178.2 sq. miles / 461.5 km²
174.9 sq. miles / 452.9 km²
3.3 sq. miles / 8.6 km²
Population
- Total (2005)
- Density 1,735,819 (metropolitan area)
San Jose, California is the 11th largest city in the United States
944,857 (city proper)
1,976.1/km²
San Jose Time zone
- summer (DST) PST (UTC-8)
PDT (UTC-7)
Latitude
Longitude 37°18'15" N121°52'22" W
Official website: www.sanjoseca.gov
San José (officially the City of San José) is a large city in the U.S. state of California and is the county
seat of Santa Clara County. On April 3, 1979, the city council adopted San José as the spelling of the
city name on the city seal and official stationery. However, it is still more commonly spelled without the
diacritic mark.
The city is located at the south end of the San Francisco Bay, within the informal boundaries of Silicon
Valley, and is the largest city in the San Francisco Bay Area. As of 2005, it reported an estimated
population of 944,857, making it the most populous city in Northern California (it surpassed San
Francisco in 1989) and third most populous city in the state, after Los Angeles and San Diego. Census
Bureau estimates for 2004 indicate San Jose has overtaken Detroit as the United States' tenth most
populous city; according to the formal 2000 count, it is ranked eleventh. All of these figures refer to the
area within the city limits, which is the sense in which the word "city" is normally used in the U.S. and not
to the urban area. The San Francisco Bay Area, of which San Jose forms part, is the fourth largest in
the U.S.
San José was the first town in the Spanish colony of Nueva California (later Alta California), founded in
1777 as a farming community to provide food for nearby military installations. It served as the first capital
of California after statehood was granted in 1850. After over 150 years as an agricultural center,
increased demand for housing from soldiers and other veterans returning from World War II and starting
families, as well as aggressive expansion during the 1950s and 1960s led first to San Jose being a
bedroom community for Silicon Valley in the 1970s, then attracting businesses to the city; by 1990 the
city was calling itself the Capital of Silicon Valley.
SAN JOSE HISTORY
Site chosen by De Anza
For thousands of years before the arrival of European settlers, the area now known as San Jose was
inhabited by several groups of Ohlone Native Americans. Permanent European presence in the area
came with the 1770 founding of the Presidio of Monterey and Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo
by Gaspar de Portolá and Father Junípero Serra, about sixty miles (100 km) to the south. It is likely that
Don Pedro Fages, the military governor at Monterey, passed through the area on his 1772 expedition to
explore the East Bay. Late in 1775, Juan Bautista de Anza led an expedition to bring colonists from New
Spain to California and to locate sites for two missions, one presidio, and one pueblo (town). He left the
colonists at Monterey in 1776, and explored north with a small group. He selected the sites of the
Presidio of San Francisco and Mission San Francisco de Asís in what is now San Francisco; on his way
back to Monterey, he sited Mission Santa Clara de Asís and the pueblo San José in the Santa Clara
Valley. De Anza returned to Mexico City before any of the settlements were actually founded, but his
name lives on in many buildings and street names.
Site chosen by De Anza
For thousands of years before the arrival of European settlers, the area now known as San Jose was
inhabited by several groups of Ohlone Native Americans. Permanent European presence in the area
came with the 1770 founding of the Presidio of Monterey and Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo
by Gaspar de Portolá and Father Junípero Serra, about sixty miles (100 km) to the south. It is likely that
Don Pedro Fages, the military governor at Monterey, passed through the area on his 1772 expedition to
explore the East Bay. Late in 1775, Juan Bautista de Anza led an expedition to bring colonists from New
Spain to California and to locate sites for two missions, one presidio, and one pueblo (town). He left the
colonists at Monterey in 1776, and explored north with a small group. He selected the sites of the
Presidio of San Francisco and Mission San Francisco de Asís in what is now San Francisco; on his way
back to Monterey, he sited Mission Santa Clara de Asís and the pueblo San José in the Santa Clara
Valley. De Anza returned to Mexico City before any of the settlements were actually founded, but his
name lives on in many buildings and street names.
Early Spanish pueblo
El Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe was founded by José Joaquin Moraga on November 29, 1777, the
first settlement not associated with a mission or a military post (presidio) in Alta California. (Mission
Santa Clara, the closest mission, was founded earlier in 1777, three miles (5 km) from the original
pueblo site in neighboring Santa Clara. Mission San José de Guadalupe was not founded until 1797,
about 20 miles (30 km) north of San Jose in what is now Fremont.) The town was founded by the
colonists led to California by de Anza, as a farming community to provide food for the presidios of San
Francisco and Monterey. In 1778, the pueblo had a population of 68. In 1797, the pueblo was moved
from its original location, near the present-day intersection of Guadalupe Parkway and Taylor Street, to
a location in what is now Downtown San Jose, surrounding Pueblo Plaza (now Plaza de César Chávez).
El Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe was founded by José Joaquin Moraga on November 29, 1777, the
first settlement not associated with a mission or a military post (presidio) in Alta California. (Mission
Santa Clara, the closest mission, was founded earlier in 1777, three miles (5 km) from the original
pueblo site in neighboring Santa Clara. Mission San José de Guadalupe was not founded until 1797,
about 20 miles (30 km) north of San Jose in what is now Fremont.) The town was founded by the
colonists led to California by de Anza, as a farming community to provide food for the presidios of San
Francisco and Monterey. In 1778, the pueblo had a population of 68. In 1797, the pueblo was moved
from its original location, near the present-day intersection of Guadalupe Parkway and Taylor Street, to
a location in what is now Downtown San Jose, surrounding Pueblo Plaza (now Plaza de César Chávez).
Early statehood
San Jose, 1875.
San Jose, 1875.
During the Bear Flag Revolt, Captain Thomas Fallon led a small force from Santa Cruz and captured the
pueblo without bloodshed on July 11, 1846. Fallon received an American flag from John D. Sloat, and
raised it over the pueblo on July 14, as the California Republic agreed to join the United States following
the start of the Mexican-American War. Fallon would later become the seventh mayor of San Jose.
During the California Gold Rush period, the New Almaden Mines just south of the city were the largest
mercury mines in North America (mercury was used to help separate gold from ore). The cinnabar
deposits had been discovered during the Mexican era, and mining operations began in 1845, the first
operating mine in the province. The importance of the mercury industry at the time explains why the
local newspaper is named the Mercury News.
On March 27, 1850, San Jose became the first incorporated city in the U.S. state of California, the first
mayor was Josiah Belden. It also served as the state's first capital with the first and second sessions of
the California Legislature, known as the Legislature of a Thousand Drinks, being held there in 1850 and
1851. The legislature was unhappy with the location, as no buildings suitable for a state government
were available in the city, and took up State Senator Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo's offer to build a new
capital on land he donated to the state in what is now Benicia.
San Jose, 1875.
San Jose, 1875.
During the Bear Flag Revolt, Captain Thomas Fallon led a small force from Santa Cruz and captured the
pueblo without bloodshed on July 11, 1846. Fallon received an American flag from John D. Sloat, and
raised it over the pueblo on July 14, as the California Republic agreed to join the United States following
the start of the Mexican-American War. Fallon would later become the seventh mayor of San Jose.
During the California Gold Rush period, the New Almaden Mines just south of the city were the largest
mercury mines in North America (mercury was used to help separate gold from ore). The cinnabar
deposits had been discovered during the Mexican era, and mining operations began in 1845, the first
operating mine in the province. The importance of the mercury industry at the time explains why the
local newspaper is named the Mercury News.
On March 27, 1850, San Jose became the first incorporated city in the U.S. state of California, the first
mayor was Josiah Belden. It also served as the state's first capital with the first and second sessions of
the California Legislature, known as the Legislature of a Thousand Drinks, being held there in 1850 and
1851. The legislature was unhappy with the location, as no buildings suitable for a state government
were available in the city, and took up State Senator Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo's offer to build a new
capital on land he donated to the state in what is now Benicia.
Climate San Jose, California
Mount Hamilton range showing summer's golden mantle. Dark green areas in hills are primarily scrub
oak and other low-growing shrubs, with possibly a grass-fire burned area on the far right.
Enlarge
Mount Hamilton range showing summer's golden mantle. Dark green areas in hills are primarily scrub
oak and other low-growing shrubs, with possibly a grass-fire burned area on the far right.
San Jose, like most of the Bay Area, has a Mediterranean climate tempered by the presence of the San
Francisco Bay. Unlike San Francisco, which is exposed to the ocean or Bay on three sides and whose
temperature therefore varies relatively little year-round and overnight, San Jose lies more inland,
protected on three sides by mountains. This shelters the city from rain and makes it more of a semiarid,
near-desert area, with a mean annual rainfall of only 14.4 inches (366 mm), compared to some other
parts of the Bay Area, which can get up to four times that amount. It also avoids San Francisco's
omnipresent fog most of the year.
However, temperatures are generally moderate. January's average high is 59 °F (15 °C) and average
low is 42 °F (6 °C), with overnight freezes several nights each year; July's average high is 84 °F (29 °C)
and average low is 58 °F (14 °C), with heat exceeding 100 °F (38 °C) several days each year. The
highest temperature ever recorded in San Jose was 109 °F (42.8°C); the lowest was 21 °F (-6 °C).
Temperatures between night and day can vary by 30 or 40 °F (17 to 22 °C).
With the light rainfall, San Jose experiences over 300 days a year of full or significant sunshine. Rain
occurs primarily in the months from October through April or May, with hardly any rainfall from June
through September. During the winter, hillsides and fields turn green with native grasses and vegetation,
although deciduous trees are bare; with the coming of the annual summer dry period, the vegetation
dies and dries, giving the hills a golden cover, which some find beautiful but which also provides fuel for
frequent grass fires.
The snow level drops as low as 2,000 ft (610 m) above sea level occasionally each winter, coating
nearby Mount Hamilton with light snow that seldom lasts a day> This sometimes snarls traffic travelling
on State Route 17 towards Santa Cruz. Snow fell on the valley floor in San Jose most recently in January
of 1976, about an inch (25 mm) that melted soon after the sun rose.
Again, like most of the Bay Area, San Jose is made up of dozens of microclimates. Downtown San Jose
experiences the lightest rainfall in the city, while South San Jose, only 10 miles (16 km) distant,
experiences more rainfall and slightly more extreme temperatures.
Mount Hamilton range showing summer's golden mantle. Dark green areas in hills are primarily scrub
oak and other low-growing shrubs, with possibly a grass-fire burned area on the far right.
Enlarge
Mount Hamilton range showing summer's golden mantle. Dark green areas in hills are primarily scrub
oak and other low-growing shrubs, with possibly a grass-fire burned area on the far right.
San Jose, like most of the Bay Area, has a Mediterranean climate tempered by the presence of the San
Francisco Bay. Unlike San Francisco, which is exposed to the ocean or Bay on three sides and whose
temperature therefore varies relatively little year-round and overnight, San Jose lies more inland,
protected on three sides by mountains. This shelters the city from rain and makes it more of a semiarid,
near-desert area, with a mean annual rainfall of only 14.4 inches (366 mm), compared to some other
parts of the Bay Area, which can get up to four times that amount. It also avoids San Francisco's
omnipresent fog most of the year.
However, temperatures are generally moderate. January's average high is 59 °F (15 °C) and average
low is 42 °F (6 °C), with overnight freezes several nights each year; July's average high is 84 °F (29 °C)
and average low is 58 °F (14 °C), with heat exceeding 100 °F (38 °C) several days each year. The
highest temperature ever recorded in San Jose was 109 °F (42.8°C); the lowest was 21 °F (-6 °C).
Temperatures between night and day can vary by 30 or 40 °F (17 to 22 °C).
With the light rainfall, San Jose experiences over 300 days a year of full or significant sunshine. Rain
occurs primarily in the months from October through April or May, with hardly any rainfall from June
through September. During the winter, hillsides and fields turn green with native grasses and vegetation,
although deciduous trees are bare; with the coming of the annual summer dry period, the vegetation
dies and dries, giving the hills a golden cover, which some find beautiful but which also provides fuel for
frequent grass fires.
The snow level drops as low as 2,000 ft (610 m) above sea level occasionally each winter, coating
nearby Mount Hamilton with light snow that seldom lasts a day> This sometimes snarls traffic travelling
on State Route 17 towards Santa Cruz. Snow fell on the valley floor in San Jose most recently in January
of 1976, about an inch (25 mm) that melted soon after the sun rose.
Again, like most of the Bay Area, San Jose is made up of dozens of microclimates. Downtown San Jose
experiences the lightest rainfall in the city, while South San Jose, only 10 miles (16 km) distant,
experiences more rainfall and slightly more extreme temperatures.
Utilities
Potable water is provided primarily by the private-sector San Jose Water Company, with some by the
Great Oaks Water Company, and ten percent by the public-sector San Jose Municipal Water System.
Great Oaks provides exclusively well water, while the other two provide water from multiple sources,
including well water, and surface water from the Los Gatos Creek watershed, Santa Clara Valley Water
District, and the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission's Hetch Hetchy reservoir.
Garbage, wastewater treatment, and recycling services are overseen by the city of San Jose's
Environmental Services Department. The no-sorting convenience and unusually long list of recyclable
items has resulted in San Jose being one of very few cities that can boast that it recycles 64% of its
waste. The list includes all plastic categories 1 through 7; aerosol cans and paint cans; polystyrene
including "packing peanuts" and hard foam packing, such as in electronic and computer products'
boxes; aluminum furniture; small metal appliances; metal pots and pans (including cast iron); and clean
cotton, linen, polyester, rayon, and wool fabrics (for example, blankets, clothes, cloth diapers, rags, and
sheets).
Wastewater treatment happens at the San Jose/Santa Clara Water Pollution Control Plant, which treats
and cleans the wastewater of the more than 1,500,000 people that live and work in the 300 square mile
(780 km²) area encompassing San Jose, Santa Clara, Milpitas, Campbell, Cupertino, Los Gatos,
Saratoga, and Monte Sereno.
About ten percent of the treated wastewater is sold for irrigation ("water recycling") in San Jose, Santa
Clara, and Milpitas, through local water providers San José Municipal Water System, City of Milpitas
Municipal Services, City of Santa Clara Water & Sewer Utility, Santa Clara Valley Water District, San
Jose Water Company, and Great Oaks Water Company.
Natural gas and electricity are provided by PG&E. Telephone service is provided primarily by SBC
Communications. Cable television is provided by Comcast.
Potable water is provided primarily by the private-sector San Jose Water Company, with some by the
Great Oaks Water Company, and ten percent by the public-sector San Jose Municipal Water System.
Great Oaks provides exclusively well water, while the other two provide water from multiple sources,
including well water, and surface water from the Los Gatos Creek watershed, Santa Clara Valley Water
District, and the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission's Hetch Hetchy reservoir.
Garbage, wastewater treatment, and recycling services are overseen by the city of San Jose's
Environmental Services Department. The no-sorting convenience and unusually long list of recyclable
items has resulted in San Jose being one of very few cities that can boast that it recycles 64% of its
waste. The list includes all plastic categories 1 through 7; aerosol cans and paint cans; polystyrene
including "packing peanuts" and hard foam packing, such as in electronic and computer products'
boxes; aluminum furniture; small metal appliances; metal pots and pans (including cast iron); and clean
cotton, linen, polyester, rayon, and wool fabrics (for example, blankets, clothes, cloth diapers, rags, and
sheets).
Wastewater treatment happens at the San Jose/Santa Clara Water Pollution Control Plant, which treats
and cleans the wastewater of the more than 1,500,000 people that live and work in the 300 square mile
(780 km²) area encompassing San Jose, Santa Clara, Milpitas, Campbell, Cupertino, Los Gatos,
Saratoga, and Monte Sereno.
About ten percent of the treated wastewater is sold for irrigation ("water recycling") in San Jose, Santa
Clara, and Milpitas, through local water providers San José Municipal Water System, City of Milpitas
Municipal Services, City of Santa Clara Water & Sewer Utility, Santa Clara Valley Water District, San
Jose Water Company, and Great Oaks Water Company.
Natural gas and electricity are provided by PG&E. Telephone service is provided primarily by SBC
Communications. Cable television is provided by Comcast.
San Jose Neighborhoods
Downtown San Jose, Burbank, Alviso, Japantown, Cambrian Park, Berryessa, Rose Garden, Rancho
Rinconada, North Valley,Sunol-Midtown, West San Jose, Willow Glen, Winchester, Almaden Valley
Naglee Park, Blossom Valley, Alum Rock, Coyote Valley, East Foothills, Evergreen, King and Story
Santa Teresa, Little Portugal, San Felipe Valley, Silver Creek Valley.
Downtown San Jose, Burbank, Alviso, Japantown, Cambrian Park, Berryessa, Rose Garden, Rancho
Rinconada, North Valley,Sunol-Midtown, West San Jose, Willow Glen, Winchester, Almaden Valley
Naglee Park, Blossom Valley, Alum Rock, Coyote Valley, East Foothills, Evergreen, King and Story
Santa Teresa, Little Portugal, San Felipe Valley, Silver Creek Valley.
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